Grammatical gender marking in New Denmark Danish (Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a corpus linguistic study of grammatical gender marking in New Denmark Danish (New Brunswick, Canada). The data consist of 2,242 examples of common and neuter gender marking, on (1) the definite suffixes, (2) the indefinite articles, (3) the prenominal definite modifiers, and (4) the possessive pronouns. 39 speakers are represented in the dataset, encompassing 1st-4th immigrant generation speakers. The analysis reveals relatively little deviation from Standard (European) Danish gender marking as only 19 out of the 39 speakers altogether have 47 instances of non-expected gender marking. In spite of the small amount of variation, there are some clear tendencies in the data in comparison with Standard Danish: The definite suffix is extremely stable, neuter nouns in Standard Danish get common gender marking, and ‘complex’ noun phrases with an attributive adjective between the initial gender-marking determiner and the head word show more variation than ‘simple’ NP’s.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".