Selective Ocean–Atmosphere Bacterial Flux Through the Pacific Sea Surface Microlayer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Marine–atmosphere microbial exchange is essential for nutrient cycling and ecosystem dynamics, though mechanisms are poorly understood. The role of the sea surface microlayer (SML) in mediating these exchanges was investigated. Samples were collected across a latitude gradient in the Pacific Ocean, and 16S rRNA gene and transcript sequences from surface seawater (SW), SML, and atmospheric samples were analyzed. The genomic signature varied diurnally and spatially, with the SW community being the most consistent and the air community the most variable. The SML displayed genomic characteristics intermediate between SW and air. The 16S rRNA transcript signature, a proxy for active microbial communities, showed tight clustering in the air and SML, suggesting selective control compared to SW. The transcriptional community composition in the air clustered between the SML and SW, pointing to viable non-SML-mediated exchange. Furthermore, taxa from air- and marine-associated communities showed a gradient of presence through all three environments, suggesting an exchange of key species through the SML. Additionally, certain volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere demonstrated a noteworthy relationship with specific bacterial taxa in the SML. This study improves our understanding of the role of the SML in ocean–atmosphere exchanges of marine bacteria and highlights how microbial communities travel and best utilize their environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".