Association of ideal cardiovascular health and Life's Simple 7 metrics with incident heart failure among older men: the British Regional Heart Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aims Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) determined by categorisation of component Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics has been associated with reduced risk of heart failure (HF). However, few studies have explored the relationship between changes in CVH from middle to older age and HF incidence. We aim to investigate the association between LS7 metrics and their impact on HF incidence in older men. Additionally, we explore whether changes in CVH scores between middle and older age were associated with subsequent HF risk. Methods and results The British Regional Heart Study is a prospective study of 7735 men, aged 40–59 years at enrolment (1978–80) from 24 British towns. Information on LS7 metrics was gathered at initial recruitment and again at re-examination 20 years later. Follow-up for HF was conducted from re-examination onwards. Among 3698 men (60–79 years) without prior myocardial infarction or HF, 369 developed HF during a median follow-up of 15.8 years. Ideal CVH was associated with significantly lower risk of HF relative to poor CVH after adjusting for age, social class and alcohol intake (HR 95% CI = 0.51 0.38–0.68). Men who maintained high CVH scores between baseline and 20 years re-examination (high-high group) showed a significant 33% reduction in risk of HF (HR 95% CI = 0.67 0.51–0.87) compared to those with consistently low CVH scores. These associations persisted after adjustment for competing mortality. Conclusion Our results highlight that a consistently healthy lifestyle, as reflected in a better CVH score maintained over an adult lifetime, is associated with lower HF risk in older men. Lay summary This study finds that maintaining good cardiovascular health is associated with reduced risk of heart failure in older men.Over a 20-year period, men who kept their cardiovascular health scores high had a 33% lower chance of developing heart failure compared to those with consistently low scores.These findings highlight that to reduce the chances of heart failure in older age it is important to maintain healthy levels of key lifestyle factors right from middle age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".