Study of the Biological Characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 71 in NOVO TECH 888 and Its Effect on Fusarium Wilt in Strawberry Plants in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The biological characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum 71, obtained from the commercial product NOVO TECH 888 (Atomes F.D. Inc., Canada), were studied. Morphological and biochemical identification revealed that the bacterium is rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, catalase-positive, urease-producing, spore-forming, and facultatively aerobic. It is capable of degrading starch, gelatin, and pectin, and is tolerant to salt concentrations ranging from 2-10% NaCl. The bacterium proliferates actively within a temperature range of 25 to 50 °C, with an optimal growth temperature of 35 °C, indicating its thermophilic nature. It can grow across a broad pH range (pH 4, 7, and 10), demonstrating its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. The bacterial cell concentration in 1 mL of the commercial product was determined to be 5.32 × 109 CFU. The bacterium retained its viability in the commercial product for three years without any significant decrease in its activity. Additionally, it was confirmed that the bacterium was unaffected by copper in the form of copper sulfate pentahydrate (Cu2SO4·5H2O) or copper hydroxide Cu (OH)2, nor by sulfur under controlled laboratory conditions. The efficacy of this bacterium in controlling the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, isolated from strawberry plants, was also evaluated. The bacterium inhibited fungal mycelial growth on nutrient agar plates and induced morphological deformities in the fungal mycelium. These results indicate the promising potential of B. amyloliquefaciens as a biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt disease in strawberries, making it a viable option for use in organic agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".