Examination of Silt-Size Particle Matrices Using X-Ray MICRO-CT Imaging: Advancements, Selected Findings, and Challenges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The mechanical behavior of silts is significantly influenced by the soil particle fabric (i.e., spatial arrangement of individual particles) in addition to the well-known effects arising from void ratio and effective confining stress. Unlike for sandy soils, the research work conducted on the fabric of silt matrices (particle size ~2 to 74 μm) is scarce. A research program is undertaken to systematically investigate the fabric of silt particle matrices using non-destructive, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technology. The imaging of matrices of commercially available, uniformly graded, pre-calibrated, standard size spherical silt particles (mean particle size of 50 μm) provided useful insights on the ability of micro-CT imaging to capture particle size, shape, volume, and determine scalar fabric parameters such as void ratio. The objective is to extend the work to fundamentally examine the silt particle matrices of natural silts, and in turn, support the geotechnical engineering characterization of the complex stress-strain behavior of silts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".