Experimental Study of Granular Materials Composed of Platonic Polipods: Exploring Geometric Cohesion and Solid Fraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, we explored the stability and compactness of columns formed from highly irregular particles. These particles, known as Platonic polypods, are fashioned by extruding arms onto the faces of Platonic solids, for which we systematically varied the number and thickness of these arms. We investigated the emergence and vanishing of geometric cohesion (i.e., solid-like characteristics, in the absence of adhesive forces among particles). We first built columns by depositing particles within a cylindrical container, which was then removed to assess the structure’s stability. Experiments employing three different materials discerned the impact of the friction coefficient between grains. Our results show that specific granular systems manifest geometric cohesion, depending upon their geometric and contact attributes. Furthermore, we measured the initial solid fraction of the columns, illustrating their capacity to attain stability even in markedly loose configurations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".