Optimized Renewable Energy Integration: Advanced Modeling, Control, and Design of a Standalone Microgrid Using Hybrid FA-PSO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The increasing environmental impacts and limited nature of fossil fuels have accelerated the growth of renewable energy sources (RESS). This study addresses the challenges associated with combining renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and tidal energy, into power systems, and it focuses on the design and optimization of a hybrid renewable microgrid that uses battery energy storage systems (BESS) to balance supply and demand while considering issues related to battery degradation. Battery degradation is a crucial constraint within the optimization framework. A hybrid optimization technique combining the Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (FA-PSO) is proposed to enhance system reliability, known as loss of load probability (LPSP), and minimize the net present cost (NPC) of the system. The results and statistical analysis reveal that the proposed hybrid method outperforms the common algorithms used in the literature like genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), and firefly algorithm (FA). This work contributes to the literature by integrating tidal energy into renewable management and emphasizing realistic battery degradation considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".