Fluoroscopic guidance for bulla identification during ventral bulla osteotomy in eight French bulldogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To describe the technique and outcome of fluoroscopy to guide bulla identification in French bulldogs during ventral bulla osteotomy. Materials and methods: Medical records of eight French bulldogs with otitis media that underwent a fluoroscopic-guided ventral bulla osteotomy between January 2020 and June 2023 were reviewed. Demographics, preoperative diagnostic findings, advanced imaging findings, surgical times, histopathology and culture results, as well as postoperative outcomes, were recorded. Results: Following routine dissection of the bulla, fluoroscopic imaging was used to confirm the placement of a Steinmann pin before bulla penetration. The median surgical time was 152 minutes (range: 80-210 minutes). All dogs survived to discharge. Six out of eight dogs retained an ipsilateral head tilt postoperatively. Two dogs exhibited residual vestibular ataxia at 14 days postoperatively, which improved and resolved 7 months and 2 years postoperatively respectively. One dog developed recurring otitis media, and a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy were recommended. Clinical significance: Intraoperative fluoroscopy can be used successfully to guide the identification of the bulla in ventral bulla osteotomies in brachycephalic breeds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".