Host Use Does Not Drive Genetic Structure of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in Western North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (MPB) is one component of an intensively studied co-evolved insect–host system. We investigated the spatial genetic structure of the MPB within its historic and recent geographic range expansion as it relates to host use in western North America using 13 pre-selected microsatellite loci. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) indicates that genetic structure is not correlated with the host tree species and therefore does not support the hypothesis of the formation of a host race within this species. STRUCTURE analysis delineates four main clusters in western North America: (1) northern: northern British Columbia/northern Alberta; (2) central: southern British Columbia/southern Alberta/Washington/Idaho/Montana; (3) southwestern: Oregon/California/Nevada; and (4) southeastern: Utah/Wyoming/Arizona/Colorado/South Dakota. Heterozygosity, allelic richness, and the number of private alleles are greatest in the Southwest cluster. This cluster correlates with one of the three refugia hypothesized from a recent analysis of neo-Y haplotypes and represents an important reservoir of MPBs’ genetic diversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".