Cork Oak Regeneration Prediction Through Multilayer Perceptron Architectures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Mediterranean ecosystems, a thorough understanding of seedling regeneration dynamics as well as a good predictive ability of the process is essential for sustainable forest management. Leveraging the predictive capacity of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) as recognized as artificial intelligence methodology, the authors analyzed a real case study with a dataset encompassing environmental, ecological, and forestry variables. The study focused on the cork oak (Quercus suber, L.) seedling regeneration dynamic, which is a critical process for maintaining ecosystem resilience. A set of 10 MLP with a block from 5 to 50 neurons with hyperbolic tangent (TanH), linear (LIN), and Gaussian (GAUS) activation function were tested and their performance for predictive purposes was compared with traditional quantitative approaches. The MLP configured with 40–50 neurons per activation function (TanH, LIN, GAUS) demonstrated outstanding predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall scores above 0.80. These models made few prediction errors, effectively explaining the majority of the data variance, as indicated by a high generalized R2 and a low mislearning ratio. This approach outperformed traditional statistical models in predicting seedling regeneration. Tree density, stand density index, and acorn number played an important role, influencing the cork oak seedling prediction. In conclusion, the results of this research determined the importance of an AI classification modeling technique in the prediction of cork oak regeneration, providing practical references for future forest management strategy decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".