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Record W4409346884 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3663

Enteral Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Real-World Application and Challenges

2025· article· en· W4409346884 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Gavindeep Shinger, Jennifer Haymond, Flora Young, Timothy S. Leung

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicIntracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Canadian institutionsSurrey Memorial HospitalRoyal Columbian Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNimodipineSubarachnoid hemorrhageMedicineAnesthesiaInternal medicine

Abstract

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Background: Guidelines recommend nimodipine as the standard of care for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Compared with placebo, this agent has been shown to reduce death and dependency on others for activities of daily living. However, retrospective data suggest that patients may not receive full treatment with nimodipine. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients with aSAH admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or high-acuity unit (HAU) at a tertiary referral hospital who received the guideline-recommended dose and duration of nimodipine. A secondary objective was to describe barriers to receiving full treatment. Methods: This retrospective chart review involved a convenience sample of 100 patients with aSAH who were admitted to the ICU or HAU of a tertiary referral hospital between January 1, 2012, and August 31, 2022. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 100 patients with aSAH admitted to the ICU or HAU, 1 (1%) received the guideline-recommended dose and duration of nimodipine. Ninety-five (95%) of the patients experienced a delay to initiation, mainly due to transfer from another hospital (n = 45, 47%) and/or lack of a safe enteral route (n = 62, 65%). Sixty-six (66%) of the patients received alternative dosing, most because their blood pressure was below target (n = 16, 24%) or because of vasospasm requiring a higher blood pressure target (n = 22, 33%). A total of 99 patients (99%) had early discontinuation and/or treatment interruption of nimodipine; reasons included vasospasm requiring a higher blood pressure target (n = 12, 12%) and nimodipine not being continued on transfer or discharge (n = 14, 14%). Conclusions: Most of the patients in this study did not receive the full course of nimodipine therapy due to multiple barriers. Pharmacists can play a role in optimizing treatment by educating staff at transferring sites about timely initiation of therapy, reconciling medications on transfer or discharge, and mitigating interactions with concomitant medications. Keywords: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, nimodipine, calcium channel blocker RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Les lignes directrices recommandent la nimodipine comme la norme de soins pour les patients atteints d’une hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne anévrismale (HSA). Il a été démontré que ce médicament réduisait la mortalité et la dépendance à l’égard d’autrui pour les activités de la vie quotidienne, par rapport au placebo. Cependant, des données rétrospectives indiquent que les patients pourraient ne pas recevoir le traitement complet à base de nimodipine, tel que prescrit. Objectifs : L’objectif principal consistait à déterminer la part de patients atteints d’une HSA admis en unité de soins intensifs (USI) ou en unité de soins de haute acuité (USHA) dans un hôpital de référence tertiaire ayant reçu la dose de nimodipine recommandée par les lignes directrices pendant la durée du traitement également recommandée. L’objectif secondaire consistait quant à lui à décrire les obstacles empêchant le patient de recevoir le traitement complet, tel que prescrit. Méthodologie : Cette étude rétrospective des dossiers portait sur un échantillon de commodité de 100 patients atteints d’une HSA, admis en USI ou en USHA d’un hôpital de référence tertiaire entre le 1er janvier 2012 et le 31 août 2022. L’analyse se basait sur des statistiques descriptives. Résultats : Sur les 100 patients atteints d’une HSA admis en USI ou en USHA, un seul (1 %) a reçu la dose de nimodipine recommandée par les lignes directrices pendant la durée de traitement recommandée. L’initiation du traitement était retardée chez 95 patients (95 %), les raisons principales étant le transfert depuis un autre hôpital (n = 45, 47 %) et l’absence d’une voie entérale sécuritaire (n = 62, 65 %). Soixante-six patients (66 %) ont reçu un autre dosage, soit parce que la valeur de leur tension artérielle était inférieure à la cible (n = 16, 24 %), soit en raison d’un vasospasme nécessitant une valeur cible de tension artérielle plus élevée (n = 22, 33 %). Au total, 99 patients (99 %) ont vu l’arrêt précoce ou l’interruption de leur traitement par nimodipine; les raisons comprenaient un vasospasme nécessitant une valeur cible de tension plus élevée (n = 12, 12 %) et la non-continuité de la nimodipine lors du transfert ou du congé de l’hôpital (n = 14, 14 %). Conclusions : La plupart des patients de cette étude n’ont pas reçu le traitement complet à base de nimodipine en raison de multiples obstacles. Les pharmaciens peuvent jouer un rôle pour optimiser le traitement en sensibilisant le personnel des établissements de transfert à l’initiation rapide de la thérapie, en conciliant les médicaments lors du transfert ou du congé et en atténuant les interactions avec les médicaments concomitants. Mots-clés : hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne anévrismale, vasospasme cérébral, nimodipine, bloqueur des canaux calciques

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.010
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.024
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.051

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0100.024
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.282
Teacher spread0.262 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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