Assessing the Benefits of Simulation-Based Learning for Emergency Preparedness Training in the Hospital Pharmacy Dispensary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Simulation-based learning (SBL) has been used in various professions to fill knowledge gaps and facilitate training in essential skills. The concept of SBL in hospital pharmacy dispensaries is new, and evidence is still emerging. Preparing for operational emergencies in the hospital pharmacy dispensary setting is crucial for maintaining effective and safe provision of essential services. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the proportion of staff who thought simulations were effective in preparing them for real-world operational emergencies in the dispensary. A key secondary objective was to report the proportion of staff who would prefer to participate in additional simulations. Methods: This study involved developing, executing (from September to December 2022), and reflecting on 3 simulations: (1) system downtime, (2) power outage, and (3) major water leak. Participants completed a paper-based survey before and after each simulation to evaluate the perceived benefit of the simulation as a tool for emergency preparedness training in the pharmacy dispensary. Results: In simulation 1, only 1 of 12 participants felt effectively prepared before the simulation, compared with 10 of 12 participants after. In simulation 2, the proportions were 1 of 10 participants before the simulation and 8 of 10 participants after. In simulation 3, the proportions were 2 of 12 participants before and all 12 participants after. Most participants across all 3 simulations expressed a preference to participate in future simulations. Conclusions: Most pharmacy staff perceived that simulations in the pharmacy dispensary were beneficial as a tool for operational emergency preparedness training and wanted to participate in future simulations. Keywords: simulation, dispensary, hospital, benefit RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’apprentissage par simulation (APS) a été utilisé dans diverses professions pour combler des lacunes en matière de connaissances et faciliter l’acquisition de compétences essentielles. Le concept de l’APS dans les dispensaires des pharmacies d’hôpitaux est nouveau, et les données probantes à son sujet continuent de nous parvenir. Se préparer aux urgences opérationnelles dans le cadre des dispensaires des pharmacies d’hôpitaux est crucial pour assurer la prestation efficace et sécurisée des services essentiels. Objectifs : L’objectif principal consistait à déterminer la part du personnel de la pharmacie qui estimaient que les simulations étaient efficaces pour se préparer aux urgences opérationnelles réelles dans le cadre du dispensaire. Un objectif secondaire clé consistait à rapporter la part du personnel qui aimeraient participer à des simulations supplémentaires. Méthodologie : Cette étude visait à développer, mettre en œuvre (de septembre à décembre 2022) et à analyser trois simulations : (1) les temps morts du système, (2) une coupure de courant et (3) une importante fuite d’eau. Les participants ont répondu à un questionnaire sur papier avant et après chaque simulation afin d’évaluer les avantages perçus de la simulation en tant qu’outil de formation pour se préparer à l’urgence dans le dispensaire de pharmacie. Résultats : Dans la simulation 1, seul 1 participant sur 12 se sentait efficacement préparé avant la simulation, contre 10 sur 12 après la simulation. Dans la simulation 2, les proportions étaient de 1 participant sur 10 avant la simulation et de 8 sur 10 après celle-ci. Dans la simulation 3, 2 participants sur 12 se sentaient préparés avant la simulation, contre les 12 participants (la totalité) après. Parmi l’ensemble des personnes ayant participé aux simulations, la majorité ont indiqué qu’ils aimeraient participer à des simulations à l’avenir. Conclusions : La plupart des membres du personnel de la pharmacie estimaient que les simulations dans le milieu du dispensaire de pharmacie étaient bénéfiques en tant qu’outil de formation pour se préparer aux urgences opérationnelles et désiraient participer à de futures simulations.Mots-clés : simulation, dispensaire, hôpital, avantage
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.045 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".