Anti-fog properties and aging of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) treated by atmospheric pressure plasma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used in packaging due to its high clarity and transparency. However, some applications require anti-fog surfaces, which untreated PET cannot provide. In this study, PET films were treated using two plasma systems: an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), both operating with nitrogen as the working gas and aiming to develop anti-fog properties. The effect of treatment time on wettability and anti-fog properties was investigated. An increase in wettability was observed after all plasma treatments. The stability of the surface modification was also evaluated after 7 days. Treatments with the APPJ exhibited significant hydrophobic recovery after aging, while those with the DBD maintained stable hydrophilicity. Anti-fog properties were assessed in samples treated with the DBD system, revealing that the anti-fog area persisted after aging, with a reduction of 20%–30%, depending on the treatment time. These findings demonstrate the potential of atmospheric pressure plasma as an effective method for modifying PET surfaces to achieve anti-fog functionality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".