Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: understanding spreads in Canadian sensitive clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spreads are one type of large landslide occurring in Canadian sensitive clays. They are characterized by the rapid spreading of clay blocks, having horst and graben shapes, moving on a layer of remoulded clay. Spreads cover large areas, develop rapidly, and conventional stability analyses do not apply. Université Laval, Ministère des Transports et de la Mobilité durable, and Ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec have worked together to answer the following question: what are the geotechnical and morphological parameters controlling initiation, propagation, and extent of these spreads? This paper portrays the advancement of the research program put in place by integrating field investigation, laboratory testing, and numerical modelling. It presents the state of the art of our understanding of spreads in Canadian sensitive clays, focusing on characteristics of spreads in Canadian sensitive clays; analysis of the failure mechanism of spreads; and the geotechnical properties of soils involved in these landslides. Although it focuses on sensitive clays, the work presented has applications to other materials presenting a strain-softening behaviour, such as rock and snow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".