Evaluation of cementation effects on swelling properties of bentonite buffer material using natural analogue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bentonite buffer material designed for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste must maintain its swelling capacity for tens of thousands of years in a disposal environment. During such a long period, a salient concern is that the designed functions might degrade because of cementation in the buffer. For this study, to estimate cementation effects on buffer swelling properties, bentonite ore was tested as a simulant: a natural analogue of the cemented buffer. This natural system resembling a geologic repository provides evidence of some inaccessible features such as long-term and structural complexity. Swelling pressure and swelling deformation tests conducted under different confining conditions were used to assess ore blocks (i.e., undisturbed specimens) and crushed ore (i.e., reconstituted specimens). The test results indicate a unique relation between the specimens’ confining pressure and their dry density conditions for undisturbed and reconstituted specimens. These unique relations elucidated the extent of cementation effects on the designed functions of the buffer material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".