The effects of desiccation crack and seasonal variation on hydrological response of compact clay embankment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of cracks significantly impacts the hydrological behaviour of clay embankments. This study aimed to enhance understanding of the complex interplay between the amount and propagation of desiccation cracks and seasonal variations. A full-scale embankment was constructed and equipped with an array of instruments, including pore water pressure, volumetric water content (VWC), and crack observer. The results suggested that continues cracks at shallow depths (0.5 m) exhibit significant seasonal fluctuations due to pronounced soil–atmosphere interactions, facilitating rapid water movement and substantial changes in crack width. In contrast, discontinuous cracks at intermediate depths (0.5 m) are less affected by seasonal changes, but they can propagate and connect over time due to repeated wetting and drying cycles. The crack intensity factor (CIF) above 0.4 m is highly sensitive to climatic variations, leading to pronounced fluctuations with changes in rainfall and dry conditions. The twofold increase in CIF values leads to a significant reduction in VWC (by 13.5%) at the depth of 0.25 m under the same atmospheric water balance. However, this effect is less pronounced at greater depths, such as 0.5 m, as discontinuous cracks are less effective in facilitating rapid drainage and moisture loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".