Alternating Current Photodetectors in Hybrid Perovskites with Modulated Oscillation Frequency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Growing interest has emerged in the alternating current (AC) photovoltaic effect, distinct from the traditional direct‐current (DC)‐based photovoltaic effect. This effect arises from the relative movement and reorganization of quasi‐Fermi levels at material interfaces when light is toggled on or off. In this study, a halide‐perovskite‐based photodetector is successfully fabricated, demonstrating the AC photovoltaic effect through oscillation frequency modulation and light‐chopping‐induced optical frequency tuning. For the first time, in sample impedance and the AC photovoltaic effect in this system are observed changes. Under specific conditions—light‐chopping frequency of 4 Hz, 0 V bias, 500 mV oscillation voltage, and resonance frequency of 16.8 MHz—a distinctive AC photoresponse at 405 nm wavelength is confirmed. This phenomenon is attributed to the influence of oscillation frequency on charge carriers, impacting electron dynamics such as capture and emission within the energy bands. The developed photodetector exhibits efficient responses to optical frequency and light intensity changes, aligning with the characteristics of conventional AC photodetectors. This work establishes a novel pathway for high‐performance AC photodetectors with superior sensitivity and tunability, surpassing traditional DC devices, and sets the foundation for further advancements in optoelectronic applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".