Basaltic fissure eruptions of the Mull lava field, British Paleogene Igneous Province
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Linear fissure zones commonly feed modern basaltic eruptions, yet direct evidence for such fissure eruption sites within ancient large igneous provinces remains scarce. We present a detailed examination of a well-preserved sequence of vent-proximal basaltic deposits from the Isle of Mull within the British Paleogene Igneous Province. We interpret these deposits as a segment of a dissected dyke-fed fissure zone. By combining photogrammetry and fieldwork, we identify a >5 km coastal zone near Calgary Bay, Isle of Mull hosting eruption vent-proximal basaltic deposits. In two main locations, the pyroclastic deposits exceed 5 m in thickness and contain basaltic airfall tephra, bombs and agglutinated spatter, in places forming spatter ramparts – features indicative of vent-proximal explosive basaltic activity. These deposits are intersected by numerous irregular intrusions with ragged edges, which terminate beneath the top surface of the pyroclastic layers, suggesting a complex network of partially drained feeder dykes. Vent-proximal effusive basaltic lava deposits in the area include agglutinated clastogenic lavas, spongy pahoehoe, inflated pahoehoe and, less commonly, ‘a‘ā lavas, along with multiple instances of lava tubes. This study provides novel insights into the eruptive architecture and processes within the North Atlantic Igneous Province, documenting a previously uncharacterized dissected large igneous province fissure system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".