Bibliographic record
Abstract
How do early life factors relate to future forgiveness? We sought to partly address this question by examining attachment styles and perceptions of previous family forgiveness culture among young adults. For this study, 107 students from the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and 137 students from the University of Calgary completed a number of online surveys over the course of two sessions. Part 1 consisted of surveys that measured forgiveness-related variables on the dispositional level. Part 2 consisted of surveys that mostly involved a recalled transgression recently committed by a same-sex friend. This study used selected measures from the larger data set. As expected, secure attachment significantly predicted higher trait forgiveness and higher insecure attachment (consisting of the dismissing, preoccupied, and fearful attachment styles) predicted lower trait forgiveness. With respect to recalled same-sex friendship transgressions, higher secure attachment did not significantly predict state forgiveness (as defined by subjects' current benevolence, avoidance, and revenge motivations toward their transgressors). Higher insecure attachment significantly predicted both lower benevolence and higher avoidance motivations. Perceptions of family forgiveness culture predicted trait forgiveness but not state forgiveness. Finally, this study explored a potential pathway between attachment style and trait forgiveness. As predicted, global self-esteem (i.e., one's general sense of self-worth) mediated the relationship between attachment and trait forgiveness for the secure, preoccupied, and fearful attachment styles. However, global self-esteem unexpectedly did not mediate the relationship between dismissing attachment and trait forgiveness. Overall, this study's findings suggest that attachment orientations -- established early in life -- significantly relate to future forgiveness both in terms of one's tendency to forgive and in terms of actual forgiveness ,motivations within the context of same-sex friendship transgressions. In addition, our data suggests that perceived family forgiveness culture predicts one's tendency to forgive later in life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".