Yb3+-Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+-Doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence reveal dopant effects on emission properties. • Yb 3+ enhances Er 3+ emissions in 3D ZrO 2 architectures. • Thermal treatments stabilize t-ZrO 2 and induce m-ZrO 2 phase transitions. • Optical characterization reveals reduced defect emissions in thermally treated architectures. Lanthanide-doped ZrO 2 ceramics are promising materials for optics due to their high refractive index and tunable luminescent properties. In this study, we investigated the impact of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ dopant concentrations on the emission behavior of lanthanide-doped 3D ZrO 2 microarchitectures fabricated using two-photon lithography. Thermal treatments have been carried out at 600°C and 750°C to promote the stabilization of the ZrO 2 tetragonal phase ( t -ZrO 2 ) and at 1000°C to induce phase transition in ZrO 2 to the monoclinic ( m -ZrO 2 ) phase in the 3D microarchitectures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallinity changes across the thermal treatments. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements confirm emission bands of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ single dopants and Yb 3+ :Er 3+ co-dopants. Variations in Yb 3+ content reveal that the PL emission of Er 3+ increases (e.g., 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 ), which is attributed to the interplay between the dopant concentrations, defect structures and the ZrO 2 host. The results highlight the importance of ZrO 2 microarchitectures' crystallinity and co-doping relationship, which enable the promotion of Er 3+ emissions. We expect our research will find applications in 3D optical systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it