Cody, Bison, and the Fletcher Site on the Canadian Prairies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Fletcher site is one of the most well-known Cody occupations on the Canadian Prairies and one of the oldest bison communal hunting sites in Alberta. Excavations at this site have been undertaken since the 1960s and produced large quantities of faunal specimens that have remained unanalyzed until recently. Our study presents the first zooarchaeological analysis of almost 56,000 specimens recovered at the Fletcher sites during the 1960s. We employ a GIS-based technique to determine a minimum number of bison in this poorly preserved and highly fragmented assemblage. Moreover, we introduce the first radiocarbon date made directly on an animal bone from the site, which indicates that the Fletcher site is among the oldest Cody assemblages from the Great Plains. Our results indicate that Cody people processed whole bodies from at least 30 bison at this location, with larger numbers of butchering marks recorded on the low limb portions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".