Intimate partner violence and reduced dietary iron and vitamin A intake: a population analysis of nationally representative data from eight low- and middle-income countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective: This research provides the first population-based investigation of intimate partner violence (IPV) and women’s dietary intake of iron and Vitamin A-rich foods using representative data from eight low- and middle-income countries. Design: Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the relationship between various forms of past year IPV (physical, emotional and sexual) and consumption of Vitamin A and iron-rich foods. Setting: We conducted secondary data analysis of cross-sectional demographic and health surveys from Cambodia (2021, n 5640), Nepal (2022, n 4179), Sierra Leone (2019, n 3812), Nigeria (2018, n 8313), Tajikistan (2017, n 4800), Cote D’Ivoire (2021, n 3656), Kenya (2022, n 10 758) and the Philippines (2022, n 12 278). Participants: Women of reproductive age (15–49 years) comprised the analytical sample. Results: Results revealed distinct relationship patterns between various IPV forms and women’s dietary consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. The most consistent relationships being that past year (i) sexual IPV (adjusted OR (aOR): 0·72, 95 % CI: 0·53, 0·98), (ii) physical IPV (aOR: 0·86, 95 % CI: 0·73, 1·01) and (iii) emotional IPV (aOR: 0·81, 95 % CI: 0·70, 0·94) significantly reduced the odds of consuming iron-rich foods in the pooled analyses. Due to between-country heterogeneity concerning the relationship between IPV and Vitamin A, pooled estimates for dietary vitamin A consumption were non-significant. However, in the Philippines, IPV was associated with reduced dietary Vitamin A intake. Conclusions: IPV is associated with altered dietary intake patterns and between-country differences could be due to different food environments. Mechanisms explaining our findings may involve consequences of IPV that impact diet and dietary practices: depression, control of resources and physical trauma.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".