Role of interleukin-21 in primary knee osteoarthritis: a clinical, laboratory and radiological study in Assiut Governorate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aim Primary osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent arthritis, causing mobility impairment, joint deformities, and compromising quality of life. The objective aimed to evaluate the correlation between the concentration of serum interleukin-21 (IL-21) and the severity of primary knee OA according to stiffness, pain, functional disability, and radiology structural damage in Assiut, Governorate. Patients and methods This case–control investigation has been performed on 300 cases separated into two groups: The patient group: which involved 200 patients diagnosed with primary knee OA and the control group: which involved 100 healthy volunteers. Cases have been collected from those attending the Outpatient clinics of the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, at Al-Azhar University Hospital-Assiut. Results The case group had a significantly greater concentration of serum IL-21 compared with the control group ( P =0.004). The Serum IL-21 reference cut-off value obtained from the healthy participants was 0.58 U/ml. A total of 28 cases, accounting for 14% of the sample, exhibited serum IL-21 levels that surpassed the established value of reference cut-off. The serum concentration of IL-21 was significantly elevated in the group of cases with tenderness in the line of knee joint compared with those without knee joint line tenderness ( P ≤0.001). Conclusion Serum IL-21 might be a potential biochemical indicator for primary knee OA. It could correlate with symptoms and disease progression. Serum IL-21 was significantly greater in cases with primary knee OA. Serum IL-21 was positively associated with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index stiffness and pain subscale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".