Spatial Distribution of Ion Cyclotron Waves at Io
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ion cyclotron waves at Io are important for understanding the complex interactions between Io and Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we analyze the spatial distributions of ion cyclotron waves at Io using data from seven close flybys of Io—five by Galileo and two by Juno. We find that the amplitudes of ion cyclotron waves vary from several nT to ∼100 nT. The averaged wave amplitude reaches its peak at ∼2 RI downstream of Io and diminishes significantly with increasing distance from Io. While ion cyclotron waves are primarily observed downstream of Io, they also occur upstream but with much weaker amplitudes. Notably, these waves are absent within Io's Alfvén wings and plasma wake, likely due to the unique plasma environment in these regions. Our findings shed new light on the distribution properties of ion cyclotron waves at Io, which provide key inputs for exploring the interactions between Io and Jupiter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".