Effects of pilates on lower-limb strength and gait patterns in women with knee hypermobility: A preliminary study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Joint hypermobility affects 10–25% of adults and is characterized by excessive joint mobility caused by connective tissue laxity. Although exercise interventions are beneficial, the effectiveness of a Pilates program focusing on controlled muscle contractions and body awareness remains unexplored. Objective This study investigates the impact of an 8-week online Pilates program, conducted via Zoom, on lower-limb strength and gait in women with knee hypermobility compared to healthy controls. Methods Nine adults with knee hypermobility (age: 25.0 ± 7.1) and five healthy controls (age: 20.2 ± 1.3), all women, participated in bi-weekly Pilates classes over 8 weeks via Zoom. Assessments were conducted pre-, mid-, and post-intervention using an isokinetic dynamometer to measure hamstrings and quadriceps strength, as well as treadmill gait analysis to measure knee angles at heel-strike and push-off. A Shapiro-Wilk test established normality and a repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences in outcome measures ( p < .05). Results Significant improvements were observed in the hypermobility group in quadriceps strength (F(2,16) = 7.304, p = .018), hamstrings strength (F(2,16) = 19.515, p < .001), hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (from 51.0 ± 10.15% to 59.1 ± 9.6%, p = .037) and knee angles at heel-strike (from 183.2 ± 7.2° to 178.5 ± 5.2°, p = .001) and push-off (179.1± 2.2° to 175.7 ± 2.9°, p < .001). In the control group, an increase in quadriceps strength was observed (F(2,8) = 29.861, p < .001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that an 8-week Pilates intervention improves lower-limb strength and decreases hyperextended knee angles during walking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".