Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neutrino oscillation measurements provide an important window on what lies beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. These measurements may unlock the mechanism by which the universe came to become matter-dominated, and may offer hints of another mechanism to generate particles with mass. Measurements of oscillations from muon neutrinos to electron neutrinos (and their antineutrino counterpart) as a function of time provide critical inputs to understanding both mechanisms. These are challenging measurements and a variety of techniques and strategies are required to get the complete picture. This article describes the current status of our understanding of neutrino masses and how neutrinos oscillate between one flavour and another as they propagate through space and time, and what remains to be understood. Taking the next steps in this field requires a variety of approaches and a better understanding of how neutrinos interact with nuclei. This article describes two of those next steps, highlighting where Canadian groups are active, and concludes with a discussion of the broad range of additional physics that becomes accessible by having two very different large sensitive neutrino detectors making these measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".