Research, Experience and Ballot That Justifies Exclusion of Gas-Free, Low-Water Stabilized Crude Pipelines from NACE/ISO Sour Service Cracking Requirements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The harmonized NACE(1) MR0175/ISO(2) 15156 standard in 2003 overlooked a situation for gas-free, low-water crude (i.e. stabilized crude) pipelines, and by default brought these pipelines into the requirements of this standard. However, these pipelines were originally constructed per Canadian Standards Association and/or American Petroleum Institute standards without the hardness and welding requirements found in NACE MR0175 or the current NACE/ISO version of the standard and they have over 50-years of sulfide cracking-free service. This paper summarizes work undertaken by the Canadian Crude Quality Technical Association(3) (CCQTA) and previous work carried out by another project group to technically understand the risk of SSC in a stabilized crude pipeline. These efforts eventually led to the submission of a NACE MR0175/ISO15156 standard ballot to create a formal exclusion for stabilized crude pipelines from the sour service requirements of the NACE/ISO standard. The research investigation revealed that an approach that utilized partial pressure H2S to evaluate the serviceability of stabilized crude pipelines is fraught with technical challenges going beyond the scope of the NACE/ISO standard or its related standard H2S test methods. This paper focuses on (1) the problem details, (2) the early and later investigative work, (3) documentation of 50+ years of pipeline service experience involving over 40,000 km of North American pipelines, and (4) the development and successful passage of a ballot item for the NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 standard for a formal exclusion of gas-phase free, low-water stabilized crude pipelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.045 | 0.057 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".