Maturing and development of the education system for adult migrants in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada has considerable experience in integrating migrants, including adults, into its society and labour market. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to highlight the path and changes that took place during the formation and development of the adult migrant education system. The author has found out that an adult migrant does not differ from a typical adult student in terms of goals, needs, and preferences for choosing various educational programs or training courses. At the same time, it has been noted that an adult migrant has slightly different motives and a stronger motivation to continue studying further. These are determined by various social and personal factors. The article provides a detailed list of these factors and offers a brief description. In view of the above, it has been traced how the educational needs of adult migrants were taken into account within the adult education system of Canada. Also, the process has been characterized at various stages of the formation and development of the Canadian adult education and training system. The following three stages have been distinguished: language courses for adult migrants without andragogic principles of education; the development of civic education and the introduction of the principles of adult education into the practice of language courses; integration of educational opportunities of formal, non-formal and informal education. Each stage introduced both positive and negative changes in the system of adult migrants’ education, which were characterized and substantiated. Prospects for further research related to the analysis of Canada’s educational opportunities for the integration of Ukrainian migrants who were forced to become refugees due to the war are determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".