Field Experience and Long Term Monitoring of Some Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures Subjected to Electrochemical Choride Extraction (ECE)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) is a process that is becoming increasingly popular as a viable rehabilitation option to stop on-going corrosion of the embedded steel in chloride contaminated reinforced concrete structures. ECE is accomplished by applying an electric field between a temporary external anode and the reinforcing steel (the cathode) which causes the migration of negatively charged chloride ions in the concrete away from the steel towards the positively charged anode. Since the early 1990’s hundreds of reinforced concrete structures worldwide, including the USA and Canada, have been treated with ECE. Majority of these structures in the USA has been installed through funding from the Federal Highway Administration. The performance of four of these structures has been monitored over the period 1995-1998. The present paper discusses the long-term monitoring results from these four sites which indicate that ECE can be an effective corrosion control option for chloride contaminated reinforced concrete structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".