Effects of Metallurgical Parameters and Non-Metallic Inclusions on Behaviour for Oil and Gas Industry Steels on Hydrogen Induced Cracking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two types of cracking, namely sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), were evaluated in linepipe steels using NACE standard solution to establish the metallurgical parameters that control HIC and SSC. Quantitative experiments indicate a threshold hydrogen concentration for HIC below which no cracking will initiate. Propagation of cracks occurs by hydrogen assisted fracture of the matrix surrounding the site where initiation occurs. The SSC and HIC susceptibility of steels containing Cr, Ni, and Mo under stress and hydrogen diffusion was investigated by cathodic polarization. As the content of alloying elements increased, the apparent hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D) and threshold hydrogen permeation rate (Jth) for hydrogen embrittlement decreased. Hydrogen concentration (Co) in the steel in NACE TM-0177 solutions increased due to decreasing hydrogen diffusion coefficient, D, with increasing Cr, Ni and Mo. Although hydrogen permeability (J) decreased, and the susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking increased as a consequence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".