Queer compromises: How homophobic violence pushed gays and lesbians to make police alliances in Toronto, 1981-2001
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interactions between LGBTQ2+ communities and the police are historically fraught with violence. LGBTQ2+ activists demand equitable police relationships, legal recognition, and protection under the law. However, LGBTQ2+ groups also tend to hold more antagonistic views of the police. How have gay and lesbian activists navigated this tension? This article draws from 246 archival documents and 313 newspaper articles focusing on events from 1981 to 2001 between gay and lesbian organizations, activists, and the police in Toronto, Canada. This paper illustrates how gay and lesbian activists eventually formed police alliances as a result of homophobic police brutality and public gay bashings. Recognizing the centrality of safety in these conversations, I conclude with a discussion of political compromises LGBTQ2+ investments in policing may take.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".