Environmental conditions modulate hermaphroditic pathways in Salpa thompsoni near the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field observations during summer-fall of 2018 in the Antarctic Peninsula region provided the first morphological evidence that under certain environmental conditions, Salpa thompsoni blastozooid development can deviate from its traditional sequential protogynous hermaphroditism (SPH). Early male testis development at female blastozooid stages points to a wide-spread overlapping protogynous hermaphroditism (OPH) in regions where warm Antarctic Circumpolar Current waters mix with colder Antarctic Coastal waters. Our findings highlight the importance of the environmental setting in determining the reproductive pathway in S. thompsoni. OPH was observed in cooler and less productive waters, while SPH occured in both warmer and cooler productive waters. It appears that food availability may offset the effect of decreasing water temperatures for warm-water S. thompsoni reproductive development. It is plausible that OPH may permit the establishment of the S. thompsoni populations in the high Antarctic under the warming trend in the Southern Ocean by allowing for more efficient reproduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".