The impact of prenatal maternal depression, during the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study within the conception study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• >40 % of participants reported possible to probable prenatal depression. • Almost 40 % of participants reported possible to probable postpartum depression. • Risk of postpartum depression increased with the severity of prenatal depression. • Risk of postpartum depression increased with prenatal stress and being nulliparous. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions impacting perinatal mental health. We aimed to quantify the association between prenatal depression (PD) and postpartum depression (PPD), within this context. Data were collected from Canadian pregnant individuals (aged≥18) through web-based questionnaires. Individuals who completed both a baseline questionnaire (06/2020 to 12/2021) and the 2-month postpartum follow-up, were included. PD was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), categorized as unlikely (EPDS 0–8), possible (9–11), highly possible (12–13), and probable (EPDS≥14). PPD was assessed at 2 months postpartum also using EPDS, and categorized as unlikely (EPDS 0–8), possible to probable (EPDS≥9). Self-reported data on sociodemographics, comorbidities, gestational age, anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), stress, maternal hardship (CONCEPTION Assessment of Stress from COVID-19) were collected. We used a multivariate Poisson regression model to calculate relative risks (RRs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) to assess the risk of PPD associated with PD. Among 1247 participants, 57.9 % had unlikely PD, 17.1 % possible PD, 9.3 % highly possible PD, 15.7 % probable PD. The overall prevalence of PPD was 39.5 %. Possible PD increased PPD risk (aRR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.18 – 2.05); Highly possible PD further heightened the risk (aRR: 2.24, 95 % CI 1.65 – 3.04); and the highest risk for probable PD (aRR 2.29, 95 % CI 1.66 – 3.15). PPD risk also increased with prenatal stress (aRR 1.07; 95 % CI 1.01 – 1.13) and nulliparity (aRR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04 – 1.54). Addressing prenatal depression, especially during crises, is crucial to reduce PPD risk and improve maternal and child health.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".