Cross-linguistic relations between quantifiers and numerals in language acquisition: Evidence from Japanese
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study of 104 Japanese-speaking 2- to 5-year-olds tested the relationbetween numeral and quantifier acquisition. Experiment 1 assessed Japanesechildren’s comprehension of quantifiers, numerals, and classifiers.Relative to English-speaking counterparts, Japanese children were delayedin numeral comprehension at 2 years old, but showed no difference at 3 and4. Also, Japanese 2-year-olds had better comprehension of quantifiers,indicating that their delay was specific to numerals. A second studyexamined the speech of Japanese and English caregivers, to explore thesyntactic cues that might affect integer acquisition. In English,quantifiers and numerals occurred in similar syntactic positions, andoverlapped to a greater degree than in Japanese. Also, Japanese nouns wereoften dropped, and both quantifiers and numerals exhibited variablepositions relative to the nouns they modified. We conclude that syntacticcues in English facilitate bootstrapping numeral meanings from quantifiermeanings, and that such cues are weaker in classifier languages likeJapanese.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".