Stigma, discrimination, and resilience: experiences of immigrants and refugees living with HIV amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mental and psychosocial well-being of immigrants and refugees living with HIV (IRLHIV) amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed-methods approach. A cross-sectional survey (n = 124) was administered for the quantitative part of the study, and a photovoice (n = 13) was used for the qualitative part of the study. Findings The analysis generated four major themes: 1) experience of systemic/institutional oppression, 2) manifestation of HIV-related stigma, 3) stressors of mental well-being, and 4) resilience to cope with life situations. Research limitations/implications The study collected data from a small sample size in the province of Alberta in Canada and thus may not be generalized to other provinces. Practical implications This paper stresses the integration of mental well-being and psychosocial support with HIV services and interventions, including those led by community organizations, must be the key priority actions among policymakers and social actors. Originality/value The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".