eDNA metabarcoding and whole genome sequencing detect European-American Eel hybrids in northeastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract American and European Eels ( Anguilla rostrata and Anguilla anguilla , respectively) are sister species of conservation concern, as they have declined in abundance in recent decades. Although there is evidence of gene flow between the two species, most previous hybrid detections have been found in Iceland. Here we expand upon existing reports of interspecific hybrids using a combination of an environmental DNA (eDNA) survey and whole genome sequencing of 347 eels from Newfoundland and Labrador. Metabarcoding of eDNA samples at multiple loci detected the presence of European Eel mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at eight locations primarily along the south coast of Newfoundland. Genome sequencing of eels collected in the region revealed three hybrid individuals with levels of European admixture consistent with one first generation hybrid and two North American backcrosses, all with European mtDNA. This work supports the presence of a previously unknown, seemingly localized region of hybrid occurrence in southern Newfoundland and expands our understanding of the relationship between these species across the North Atlantic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".