Paleocene amber from Sanshui Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Globally, amber-rich strata are primarily found in major geological intervals, particularly the Aptian-Albian of the Early Cretaceous and the Eocene, both of which coincide with greenhouse climate conditions (Pearson et al., 2007; Katz et al., 2008; Delclòs et al., 2023). However, despite the relatively warm temperatures of the Paleocene, amber from this epoch remains exceptionally rare, with no confirmed records reported to date. This scarcity may be linked to the limited exposure of Paleocene strata worldwide. The Late Cretaceous Canadian Big Muddy amber deposit (ca. 67 Ma) which represents one of the closest known occurrences to the K-Pg boundary (Loewen et al., 2024). Here, we report the first-ever discovery of Palaeocene amber from the Sanshui Basin, China, filling a critical gap in the fossil resin record.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".