A Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework as an Effective Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biodiesel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CAU-28 (CAU = Christian-Albrechts-University) is a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) that features a bio-renewable linker (furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) and can be obtained through a green synthesis. In this work, we report an optimized synthesis of CAU-28, substantially enhancing the yield from 2 to 53 %. Moreover, taking advantage of the high thermal and chemical stability of CAU-28 as well as the MOF’s surface area (> 1000 m 2 g –1 ), porosity, and four open metal sites per Zr 6 -cluster, we have demonstrated the high potential of CAU-28 as a green catalyst to produce biodiesel through esterification reactions. Under optimized catalytic conditions, CAU-28 is able to convert oleic acid to its fatty acid methyl ester counterpart with high selectivity, using a catalyst loading of only 5 wt % and 1:24 molar ratio of oleic acid:methanol, at 90 °C for 90 min. Furthermore, the catalyst also shows high stability, maintaining its activity for three reaction cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".