Effect of temperature on corrosion behaviors of copper in high-level nuclear waste disposal environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deep geological disposal was considered a safe and efficient strategy for nuclear waste disposal. However, the corrosion of metallic disposal containers in the disposal repository environment is easily affected by the variation of temperature. The purpose of this work is to crystallize the effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviors of copper in simulated Beishan underground water solution (0.1 M NaHCO 3 +0.05 M NaCl+0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 solution). The corrosion behaviors of copper in the tested solution at 25 °C, 45 °C, and 75 °C were investigated using electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the increase in temperature can accelerate both cathodic and anodic reactions, thereby increasing the corrosion current density. The open circuit potential (OCP) at 25 °C and 45 °C remained relatively stable at about −100 mV. The polarization resistance decreased in different degrees from 1 to 10 days at various temperatures. Then the polarization resistance gradually increases with the formation of corrosion products. The presence of Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 at 45 °C can provides superior protection ability for the sample against corrosion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".