Functional and Anatomical Changes of Acute Solar Retinopathy Investigated With Electroretinography and Optical Coherence Tomography: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this case is to illustrate how early electroretinography (ERG) can be used to investigate functional macular changes caused by acute solar retinopathy. This is a case report of a 44-year-old woman who presented on April 12, 2024 with acute solar retinopathy after viewing the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 without wearing solar viewing glasses. The patient's best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/800 OU. Yellow macular lesions were seen on fundoscopy bilaterally. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) revealed bilateral foveal hyperreflectivity of the outer retina with attenuation of the external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interdigitation line. Early ERG was performed to determine retinal function. Full field ERG (ffERG) demonstrated normal generalized retinal function OU; however, multifocal ERG (mfERG) showed bilateral macular dysfunction primarily affecting the foveal and parafoveal regions. These findings persisted at the two-month follow-up with no significant improvement in the BCVA. Acute solar retinopathy presents with anatomical changes to the retinal layers, particularly photoreceptors. Damage and disruption to photoreceptors can result in consequent apoptosis and atrophy that can be seen on fundoscopy and OCT imaging. Measures of retinal function, such as ERG, can be used in determining baseline and progression of visual function. Additionally, this case illustrates the importance of public health measures to educate the general population about the dangers of sungazing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".