The formation mechanism of beta-flecks in vacuum arc remelted titanium alloy ingots
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Beta fleck is presently held to arise in vacuum arc remelted (VAR) ingots through two mechanisms, freckle formation and inter-crystalline segregation in the central region of the ingot. Using modelling results and data from industrial ingot production we analyse the solidification and segregation processes required for the formation of both features by considering the fluid flow and gravitational forces arising during solidification. It is found, by analogy with studies on the superalloys, that freckling requires the prior formation of local high-permeability solidification irregularities in the columnar-dendritic structure. Inter-crystalline segregation is related to the formation of the central equiaxial crystal structure. The practical implications in process modification to avoid the defects are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it