In-plane lateral cyclic response of partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls with boundary elements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Partially grouted reinforced masonry shear walls (PG-RMSWs) are used as a seismic force-resisting system in masonry buildings. However, there is a lack of studies in literature regarding PG-RMSWs with high aspect ratios, where flexural behaviour dominates. This study aims to investigate the in-plane cyclic response of PG-RMSWs with high aspect ratios. The experimental investigation involved two slender walls representative of 6- and 12-storey buildings, constructed at half-scale and subjected to constant axial load and quasi-static reversed cyclic loading until failure. The key factors examined in this study were the wall aspect ratio and the enhancement achieved by providing boundary elements at the end zones of the walls. The test results indicated flexure dominated ductile performance, with both walls exhibiting symmetric and stable hysteretic responses, with high energy dissipation levels. The wall representing the 6-storey building exhibited almost twice the initial yield and ultimate capacities of the wall representing the 12-storey building. Both walls sustained significant displacement levels, demonstrating displacement ductility of 10. Notably, the walls sustained compressive strains exceeding the value of 0.008 specified by Canadian masonry design standards (CSA S304–14) for confined masonry before strength degradation initiated. Based on these findings, using boundary elements can elevate the suitability of PG walls for applications in high aspect ratio scenarios, suggesting that such an approach is both beneficial and economically feasible. • PG-RM shear walls demonstrated high ductility, primarily driven by flexural behavior. • Walls exhibited stable hysteretic responses with significant energy dissipation during loading. • The 6-storey wall showed nearly double the yield and ultimate capacities compared to the 12-storey wall. • Both walls achieved a displacement ductility factor of 10, indicating ductile performance. • Key failure modes included longitudinal rebar buckling and grout core crushing, mainly in end zones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".