Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific: Canadian Track-two Initiatives, 1989–2005
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between 1989 and 2005, Canadian academics and officials initiated significant programs to promote security—both cooperative and human—in Asia. The distinctive features were Canadian leadership, resource commitments, and ambitions to advance inclusive “track-two” dialogue, broaden the scope of security discussions beyond conventional defence matters, and advance Canada's role in the region. This is a chronicle of two major Canadian initiatives, the advancement of cooperative security and the promotion of human security, which began with the North Pacific Cooperative Security Dialogue (NPCSD) and expanded into multiple projects across the Asia-Pacific region, with a special connection to Southeast Asia. This article highlights the evolving objectives, institutional forms, and outcomes in Asia and Canada, and analyzes their impact and relevance for contemporary Canadian positioning in today's very different and increasingly fraught “Indo-Pacific” setting. The co-authors were the lead academic organizers of the activities chronicled here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".