Investigating overpressure BLEVE effects on 100 % liquid full vessel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite extensive research done over several decades, BLEVE accidents persist and yet the complexity of this particular type of explosion poses ongoing challenges in the industry. Existing literature underscores the need to investigate BLEVE hazards to mitigate substantial threats to property and life, especially in populated areas. While previous studies have provided definitions and models for BLEVE, primarily concentrating on free field overpressure, the respective contributions of vapor and liquid phases in hazard formation remain unclear among various authors. This paper delves into the dynamics of a BLEVE emphasizing the critical role of liquid fill level in the overpressure hazard. This research is based on recent BLEVE experimental campaigns conducted in 2022 and 2024 on small-scale cylindrical aluminum vessels filled with pure propane. Cutting-edge scientific tools, including low and high-speed measurement instruments were employed to capture detailed data to extend the current understanding of a BLEVE. Particular attention was given to the fully liquid cases (100 %) as they represent a special case of a BLEVE. Valuable findings were obtained from experimental results regarding the relative contributions of vapor and liquid phases, addressing a critical gap in BLEVE comprehension. Key findings from experimental data indicate that the full liquid cases are characterized by two distinct types of failure pressures: the failure pressure and the saturation pressure at failing temperature. Additionally, it was observed that the full liquid cases exhibited the lowest peak overpressure and the longest lead overpressure duration relative to the failure pressure. A distinct trend line was identified in the full liquid experiments. If validated at large scale, the results of this investigation could serve as useful knowledge for industry and engineering by assisting in estimating the risks and consequences associated with BLEVE accidents, thus contributing to enhanced safety practices in industrial settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".