Compound Effect of Flood-Earthquake Events on Performance of Earthen Levees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of an earthen levee subjected to concurrent flooding and earthquake events with specific focus on soil liquefaction and slopes instability hazards.For this purpose, future water levels are determined for various return periods based on data provided by several piezometers positioned along the whole levee over a time period of 22 years.These water levels are used to simulate various floods scenarios.A hypothetical but plausible earthquake consistent with the seismicity of the study area is then applied at the base of the levee foundation.The numerical analyses involve several stages using GeoStudio software.The obtained results show that assuming single separate flooding or earthquake hazard events may not detect the levee's slopes instabilities even when a significant decrease of safety factors is noticeable at the upstream and/or downstream sides of the levee due to soil liquefaction hazard.Considering concurrent flooding and earthquake events scenario, even without accounting for possible interactions between them, leads however to further reduction of safety factors and reveals a slope's instability at the upstream side of the levee for a return period of 500 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".