Bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, and copper from edible insects available on the European market
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Consumption of insects contributes increasingly to sustainable nutrition in the context of global food security. This study investigates the total content and bioaccessibility of essential trace elements Fe, Zn, and Cu in various edible insects. Samples of, among others, mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor ), silkworms ( Bombyx mori ), sago worms ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ), crickets ( Gryllus bimaculatus ), black scorpions ( Heterometrus longimanus ), and weaver ants ( Oecophylla smaragdina ) were analysed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determined significant variability in metal content among different insect species, with an overall content higher than in meat. Bioaccessibility studies were conducted using pepsin, pancreatin and bile salts, to simulate gastrointestinal digestion conditions, as is standard in such studies. The bioaccessibility of Fe, Zn, and Cu ranged from 45 % to 65 % and was generally higher in mealworms than in Orthoptera species. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC-ICP-MS) provided insight into the molecular forms of Fe, Zn, and Cu during gastric and intestinal digestion. Intense peaks in the elution range of low molecular mass compounds were observed in the intestinal digests, suggesting complexation of the metal ions with organic ligands. The study highlights the nutritional potential of edible insects as a rich source of essential elements, such as Fe, Zn, and Cu.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it