Dual role of dissolved oxygen in sulfidation-xanthate flotation of anglesite from zinc leaching residue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recovery of valuable anglesite (PbSO 4 ) from zinc leaching residue (ZLR) via sulfidation-xanthate flotation is hindered by poorly understood dissolved oxygen (DO) effects. This study clarifies the dual role of DO across sulfidation and xanthate adsorption stages. Micro-flotation experiments revealed that minimizing DO during the sulfidation stage reduced Na 2 S dosage, while optimal anglesite recovery required controlled DO levels (5.0–6.0 ppm) during xanthate conditioning stage. For sulfidation stage, zeta potential and XPS analysis revealed gradual surface oxidation with increasing DO, though PbS species remained relatively stable (0.2–6.0 ppm DO). For PAX conditioning stage, adsorption quantity, QCM-D and FTIR measurements revealed that 6.0 ppm DO enhanced xanthate adsorption on sulfurized anglesite. Bench-scale tests with nitrogen-regulated DO (1.8–4.2 ppm in sulfidation; 4.2–6.0 ppm in PAX conditioning) achieved higher Pb grade (23.3 % vs. 19.4 %) with comparable Pb recovery (60.9 % vs. 60.6 %), alongside a 26.7 % reduction in Na 2 S dosage (14,600 to 10,700 g/t). These findings establish DO as a pivotal operational parameter for balancing surface oxidation and xanthate adsorption, offering a reagent-saving strategy for anglesite recovery from ZLR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".