Experiences of community-dwelling adults with chronic low back pain during and after a combined biopsychosocial education and exercise program in rural Nigeria: a qualitative study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To explore the subjective experiences of community-dwelling adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) during and after a combined biopsychosocial education and exercise program in rural Nigeria. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study involving 15 participants was conducted. Data were collected using focus group discussions, guided by semi-structured, open-ended questions, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Five major themes with embedded subthemes were developed: (1) "Perceived effects of the program" with three subthemes: "reducing pain," "improving physical function" and "overall feeling of well-being;" (2) "Empowering self-management skills" with two subthemes: "learning self-care skills" and "adherence to home program;" (3) "Perceived understanding of CLBP as a biopsychosocial disorder" with two subthemes: "helpful beliefs" and "better understanding of condition;" (4) "Perceived satisfaction with the program;" and (5) "Perceived need for rehabilitation services" with two subthemes: "need for public enlightenment about back pain" and "need for physiotherapy services in rural primary health care centers." CONCLUSION: Perceived effects of a combined biopsychosocial education and exercise program was not limited to improved clinical outcomes, but also empowered self-management skills, enhanced understanding of back pain, and highlighted the unmet rehabilitation needs in rural Nigeria, serving as a wake-up call for physiotherapists.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".