Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) allow re-assessing late Holocene lake level fluctuations in Lago Cardiel, Southern Patagonia (Argentina) – Geomorphological and archeological implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake-level fluctuations in closed basins provide valuable insights into past climates across multiple temporal scales. Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) contribute significantly to high-resolution paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Lago Cardiel, a key site for paleoenvironmental studies in Patagonia, has been extensively studied since the late 1980s. This study refines late Holocene lake-level fluctuations using a multiproxy approach, including stratigraphic, paleontological, and archaeological data within a robust chronological framework. For the first time, MISS have been identified as a result of recent lake-level drops. Four MISS levels (L1–L4) were documented in a northern bay near the archaeological site Patito Destapado, at elevations of 288–295 m a.s.l., interbedded with sand and gravel. Gastropods (Lymnaeidae and Chilinidae) from levels L1 and L3 were radiocarbon-dated to 2087 ± 21 and 3327 ± 26 years BP, respectively. L2 (289 m a.s.l.) corresponds to the PD site, dated to 3015 ± 31–3436 ± 35 years BP. These findings link archaeological site reoccupations with recurrent low lake levels during the Late Holocene. The presence of MISS marks extended low-water periods, which created more accessible landscapes for human activity and settlement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".