MRI-based machine learning analysis of perivascular spaces and their link to sleep disturbances, dementia, and mental distress in young adults with long-time mobile phone use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Long-term mobile phone use (LTMPU) has been linked to sleep disorders, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment, with MRI-detected enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs) as potential imaging markers. This study investigated computational MRI-visible EPVSs and their association with sleep disturbance, dementia, and mental distress in young adults with LTMPU. Methods: This retrospective study included 82 LTMPU patients who underwent MRI scans and assessments using six clinical scales: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D). Deep learning algorithms segmented EPVSs lesions, extracting quantitative metrics (count, volume, mean length, and mean curvature) across 17 brain subregions. Correlation analyses explored relationships between EPVSs indicators and clinical measurements. The BrainNet Viewer tool highlighted significant brain subregions and EPVSs traits linked to dementia, sleep disturbance, and mental distress. Results: < 0.05), including associations between nine EPVSs characteristics and MoCA scores: four with the PSQI, one with the ISI, three with the ESS, four with the HAM-A, and two with the HAM-D. Regression analyses revealed seven significant EPVSs features, with three linked to cognitive impairment: mean EPVSs length in the left basal ganglia and mean length/curvature in the left temporal lobe. Also, the mean EPVSs length in the left frontal lobe could indicate insomnia, sleepiness, and anxiety. Conclusion: Computational EPVSs metrics offer insights into the EPVSs pathophysiology and its links to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment in LTMPU patients. These findings also highlight potential connections between EPVSs, excessive daytime sleepiness, and anxiety, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of these multifaceted conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".